Recent Progress of Nature Materials Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Electronic Skins and Human–Machine Interaction

Abstract

The current field of human-machine interaction (HMI) and electronic skin (e-skin) is confronting challenges associated with energy supply, sensitivity, and biocompatibility. Traditional HMI systems, though rich in features, are constrained in their applications in the medical and wearable technology sectors due to their rigid structure and reliance on third-party power inputs. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) based on natural materials are emerging as a focal point of research in this domain, attributed to their self-powering capabilities, flexibility, and biocompatibility. These natural material-based TENGs emulate the mechanical and biological characteristics of human skin, adapt to various body shapes and movements, and offer an efficient and reliable solution for the precise detection and analysis of complex, subtle physiological signals, thereby fostering innovations in wearable devices and robotic technology. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in natural material-based TENGs, detailing the materials employed, including proteins, chitosan, and cellulose. It encapsulates their applications in the realms of electronic skin and HMI. Finally, the challenges confronted by natural material-based TENGs are outlined and future trajectories for development in this burgeoning field are projected.