Trimethylamine N-Oxide, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite, Is Associated with Cardiovascular Risk in Psoriasis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

Abstract

Introduction: Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota metabolite from dietary phosphatidylcholine, is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Psoriasis is associated with increased cardiovascular risk that is not captured by traditional biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to assess TMAO concentration in psoriasis and evaluate the relationship between TMAO and cardiovascular risk in psoriatic patients. Methods: In 72 patients with psoriasis and 40 age- and sex-matched non-psoriatic controls, we evaluated fasting plasma TMAO, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and cardiovascular risk assessed by various scoring systems such as Framingham, QRISK2, AHA/ACC, and Reynolds risk scores. Results: In patients with psoriasis, TMAO concentration was significantly higher than in the control group (195.68 [133.54–332.58] ng/ml versus 126.06 [84.29–156.88] ng/ml, respectively; p < 0.001). Plasma TMAO concentration was significantly correlated with age, total cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Furthermore, the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) and multiple regression analysis showed that TMAO is an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: TMAO is a valuable candidate for biomarker and a translational link between dysbiosis and atherosclerosis in psoriasis.