An ID-based watermarking scheme for Java programs

Abstract

In this paper, we propose an identities(JD) based watermarking scheme for Java programs. In our scheme, the watermark is generated by participants' identities, embedded via the watermarked opaque predicates, and verified using zero-knowledge proof. We also present a construction of a family of opaque predicates by Legendre symbol, which is resilient, cheap, and stealthy. The order of the watermark is encoded and embedded into the watermarked opaque predicates, and the watermarked opaque predicates are treated as threads of a Java program. Thus, the embedded watermark is dynamic and secure against all usual types of watermarks algorithms attacks and watermarks protocols attacks, and also secure against static and dynamic attacks. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2006.