Spent mushroom substrate: a crucial biosorbent for the removal of ferrous iron from groundwater

Abstract

Abstract: A new approach was carried out with the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus florida on ferrous iron (Fe2+) removal using live, dead and pretreated substrate. In this study, the various dosage levels of SMS namely, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 1.50 g/50 mL were used for the removal of Fe2+ at different time intervals for 90 min. The effect of various temperatures and pH on Fe2+ removal was studied with optimized dosages and time intervals. The biosorption potential of P. florida SMS was checked against the iron-contaminated groundwater collected from in and around Salem, Namakkal and Dharmapuri districts of Tamil Nadu. The biosorption data were obtained and analyzed in terms of their kinetic behavior. Among the SMS of P. florida, the live SMS showed potential Fe2+ removal (100%) from aqueous metal solution in all the tested concentrations. SMS of P. florida showed high potential removal of Fe2+ in neutral pH, at room temperature and explored an efficient sorption ability (100%) in the tested water sample (SW10). The adsorption kinetic values fitted very well with pseudo-second-order when comparing with pseudo-first-order reaction. FTIR, SEM and EDX analysis proved the accumulation of Fe2+ by the SMS. The present study confirmed that the live SMS of P. florida may serve as a potential and eco-friendly biosorbent for removal of Fe2+ from the iron-contaminated water. Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]