Echinoderms of the Cuban archipelago

Abstract

In this chapter we offer a historical view of investigations about echinoderms in Cuba since they first began in the middle nineteenth century until today. The research cruises made in Cuban seas, as well as other studies that have allowed achieving current knowledge, are described. Information is also given on the geomorphologic and oceanographic characteristics which are related to the different types of marine ecosystems and biotopes existing in the Cuban archipelago, as well as the diversity and distribution of species inhabiting them. Three hundred and fifty six species have been recorded in Cuba of these, the class Crinoidea is represented by 34 species, Asteroidea by 76 species, Ophiuroidea by 162, Echinoidea by 63, and Holothuroidea by 51. All of these species are represented on the main biotopes of the Cuban marine ecosystem: coral reefs and hard non-reef floors, unconsolidated sediments (sand, mud), submerged vegetation (seagrass and macroalgae), mangrove swamps, coastal lagoons and estuaries, low rocky coasts or cliffs and beaches. They are found from the intertidal zone down to a depth of 5,850 m, where the sea urchin Portualesia miranda occurs. The degree of recovery of the populations of the black sea urchin Diadema antillarum is described. Information is presented on the commercial exploitation of the sea cucumber Isostichopus badionotus. We emphasize the necessity of continuing the study of this important group and recommend opening new lines of investigation. Among the threats to which echinoderms are subject is habitat destruction caused mainly by coastal development. We comment on the urgency for caring and preserving this group by means of its rational use.