Incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Objectives: Bangladesh has limited information regarding incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in young people. The objective of this study was to measure minimum incidence of T1D and T2D, and record other types of new-onset diabetes in children and adolescents <20 years (y), in Dhaka District, Bangladesh, from 2011-2018. Methods: Retrospective study using clinical records from Diabetic Association of Bangladesh clinics. Cases were classified by clinical evaluation. Results: 725 cases were diagnosed. 482 (66.5%) had T1D, 205 (28.3%) T2D, 14 (1.9%) fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes, and 24 (3.3%) other types. Male:female ratios for T1D/T2D were 1:1.6 (p<0.0001) (T1D) and 1:1.4 (p<0.01) respectively. T1D cases by age-group were 7.3% (0-4 y), 19.9% (5-9 y), 43.6% (10-14 y) and 29.3% (15-19 y). Mean ± SD ages of onset were 12.3 ± 4.2 y (T1D) and 13.1 ± 2.4 y (T2D). Annual T1D mean incidences/100,000 were 1.22 [95%CI: 0.85-1.58] (<15 y) and 1.25 [0.94-1.57] (<20 y), and for T2D 0.52 [0.33-0.73] (<20 y). T1D incidence <15 y was 1.04 [0.69-1.39] in 2011 and 1.42 [1.04-1.80] in 2018 (p=0.08). T2D incidence rose from 0.22 [0.80-0.36] (2011) to 0.57 [0.36-0.77] (2018), an annualized increase of 12% [8-22%] (p=0.001). Ascertainment was estimated as 95%. Conclusions: T1D was most common, but T2D, FCPD and other forms also occur. T2D incidence increased during the study period.