Parental perception of factors related to obesity and overweight in adolescents: a qualitative study

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood and adolescent obesity and overweight is associated with serious physical, psychological and social health complications. The aim of the present study was to explore in depth parents’ perceptions of factors associated with obesity and overweight in their adolescent children. Methodology: A descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was carried out through focus groups. Twenty-five mothers and fathers whose children were diagnosed with obesity or overweight who were under follow-up in the Paediatric Department of the Hospital Clínico San Cecilio (Spain) participated. Data analysis was performed with Atlas.ti 6.2 software through thematic analysis. Results: Lack of limit with food was perceived as a source of conflict and anxiety. The most common unhealthy lifestyle habits were sedentary, lack of time for cooking and skiping breakfast. Parents’ perceptions of the negative effects of obesity are related to traumatic events, effects on body image, isolation and discrimination and the occurrence of other diseases associated with excess weight. Modulating factors of eating behavior were observed such as the promotion of healthy habits in the school environment, awareness of the problem, meal planning, talking about the issue and the search for solutions. Conclusions: Parents encounter obstacles that hinder change and improvement in this population. Thus, it is necessary to address obesity and overweight as a multifactorial problem.