Risk Factors Contributing to Occurrence of Hypokalemia after Liposomal-Amphotericin B Administration

  • Matsuoka T
  • Usami E
  • Yoshimura T
  • et al.
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Abstract

Liposomal-Amphotericin B (L-AMB) は脂質二分子膜内に Amphotericin B (AMPH-B)を含有するリポソーム製剤とし て開発され,持続した発熱を伴う好中球減少症患者に対 する経験的な抗真菌治療において AMPH-B と同程度の優 れた効果を示す一方で,毒性は軽減されたと報告されて いる 1) . L-AMB は,米国感染症学会 (Infectious Diseases Society of America, IDSA) のガイドラインにおいて血液内科領域 での好中球減少患者のカンジダ症の 1 st -line の治療に推奨 されており,従来の AMPH-B と同様に幅広い真菌感染症 に適応がある.L-AMB の腎糸球体への直接障害は,リポ ソーム化によりかなり低減されたものの,腎尿細管細胞 膜に影響を与えるため電解質等の再吸収低下が起こる. そのため,カリウム,マグネシウム等の排泄が過剰とな り,尿細管糸球体フィードバックによる糸球体輸入細動 脈の収縮が起こり,糸球体ろ過能が減少すると考えられ ている 2, 3) .その結果,低カリウム血症が高頻度で出現し カリウムの補正を余儀なくされることがある.L-AMB の 国内第 II 相臨床試験では 27.1% に低カリウム血症が発現 した 4) .L-AMB による低カリウム血症については他にも いくつか報告されているが,その要因について解析した 報告は少なく不明な点が多い. そこで,L-AMB による低カリウム血症の発現に及ぼす 医療薬学 37(8) 487 ― 493 (2011) Liposomal-Amphotericin B による 低カリウム血症発現における要因解析 松岡知子 * ,宇佐美英績,吉村知哲,高田裕子,安田忠司 大垣市民病院薬剤部 Liposomal-Amphotericin B (L-AMB) may cause hypokalemia. This study was carried out to examine the occurrence of hy-pokalemia and its primary causes in 74 patients who were administered L-AMB. They were divided into 2 groups regarding the severity of hypokalemia that occurred: Grade 0-2 group: 35 patients (47.3%), and Grade 3-4 group: 39 patients (52.7%). The results of a comparison of the Grade 0-2 group and Grade 3-4 group showed that causes for the Grade 3-4 group were signifi-cantly different from those in the Grade 0-2 group, which were a serum albumin level of more than 2.82 mg/dL at the start of the L-AMB administration (p = 0.004, OR:8.711, 95%CI:2.273-45.823), and a history of hypokalemia before L-AMB adminis-tration (p = 0.009, OR: 7.859, 95%CI: 1.844-44.109) in the Grade 3-4 group. While combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resulted in significant avoidance of Grade 3-4 hypokalemia (p = 0.019, OR: 0.233, 95%CI: 0.063-0.750), administration of potassium for preventive or maintenance purposes did not affect the occurrence of hypokalemia (p = 0.137, p = 0.198). However, for 20 patients with an abnormal serum potassium level (Grade 1 and more) at the start of L-AMB administration, our findings suggested that the preventive/maintenance administration of po-tassium was indeed effective (p = 0.011). It has been proven that L-AMB causes hypokalemia frequently and the primary causes have been clarified. In this regard, it is important to regularly monitor serum potassium levels and adjust them depending on the situation of patients with hypokale-mia.

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APA

Matsuoka, T., Usami, E., Yoshimura, T., Takada, H., & Yasuda, T. (2011). Risk Factors Contributing to Occurrence of Hypokalemia after Liposomal-Amphotericin B Administration. Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences), 37(8), 487–493. https://doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs.37.487

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