The Linkages between Ecology and Conservation Policy

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the application of new conservation theory to the formulation and execution of environmental policy, and specifically, on the process of translating the theory into policy and management. The new paradigm in ecology renders most previous conservation theory obsolete, including much of the past basis for management of wildlife, fisheries, and protected areas. New conservation theory must be developed and translated into policy and action. Although additional knowledge is always needed, adequate ecological knowledge now exists if this knowledge is effectively used. However, such use faces strong countervailing pressures from the scientific and academic communities, among them the issues of pure versus applied science and advocacy versus passive observation. At the least, the scientists’ role can involve communicating appropriate information to decision makers, managers, and the public. Such communication must be scientifically valid and should represent broad scientific consensus, particularly in view of the prevalence of disinformation in considerations of environmental issues. Effective communication needs to be carefully targeted and planned to address the specific needs and knowledge levels of the intended users. Dealing effectively with uncertainty is a central challenge. Key conservation issues are of such critical importance to human welfare that it is incumbent on ecologists to use their knowledge and information in a scientifically responsible way to further conservation goals.