Contemporary Models of Giftedness

Abstract

One powerful method for understanding, identifying, and studying gifted individuals is through theory-based models that meet high standards. Con-temporary models of giftedness have evolved, in part, because views of intelligence have become more complex. First, three recent views of intelligence that have shaped these models will be reviewed: three-stratum theory, multiple intelligences, and the triarchic theory of successful intelligence. Second, five additional components of several current models of giftedness will be discussed: sources of giftedness, social responsibility, creativity, gender, and the role of the environment. Examples of models exemplifying each component will be described and then analyzed in terms of whether they (a) are based on relevant assumptions and empirical findings, (b) are well specified, understandable, and falsifiable, (c) are economical, (d) provide practical guidance about identifying and fostering giftedness, (e) describe, explain, and predict gifted behavior over time and across situations, and (f) generate new research and applications that advance the field. Finally, conclusions will be drawn and recommendations will be offered. Keywords The actiotope model of giftedness · Creativity · The differentiated model of giftedness (DMGT) · The emergenic–epigenetic model · General intelligence (g) · The Munich model of giftedness (MMGA) · The Munich dynamic ability achievement model (MDAAM) · Multiple intelligences (MI) · The star model · Talent realization in women · Three-stratum theory · The triarchic theory of successful