Split-and-delay units for soft and hard X-rays

Abstract

In this review design considerations, the present status and future options of splitand-delay units (SDU) suitable for an operation at free-electron lasers (FELs) are discussed. General considerations regarding the options of amplitude and wavefront beam splitting are discussed with respect to the spectral properties of beam splitters and mirrors. Properties of split-and-delay units which are operable or presently under construction at different FELs in different wavelength regions are described. This optical layout, the advantages and limitations are addressed. Some applications of SDUs for time-resolved studies of ultrafast processes in various fields are mentioned in a summarizing chapter.