Nanotechnologies and the Risk Management of Biofuel Production

Abstract

Nonrenewable energy derived from fossil fuels accounts for around 80 % of the primary energy usage in the world. The main problem is that petroleum reserves are limited and fossil fuels generate pollution. Therefore, it establishes essential need to acquire more sustainable energy alternatives. A well-known alternative is the development of biofuels produced from biomass, and the possible use of nanotechnology in the stages of production and process of biofuels may serve to improve and to overcome technical, economical, and environmental barriers. The present chapter discusses the problems generated by nanomaterials used for the production of biofuels. It has been observed that nanotechnology may have transversal action in the production of biofuels, including the improvement of raw material, and assist in processes and products developed in the sugarcane industry, extending its progress to automobile sector, transportation, and so on. We agree that it is beneficial to increase the use of more effective catalysts in the production of biofuel. However, there should be concern of nanotoxicity research, regulation, governance, and social perspectives aiming the use of nanomaterials in order to develop sustainable future.