The Canadian pyrite experience and comparisons with the Irish problems

Abstract

Although the problems associated with sulphate-generation were not known in Ireland until the early 2000s, this has long been appreciated in Canada where much of the early research work was undertaken. Comparisons are made between the Canadian and Irish experiences, including the differences between the onset, rate and extent of the heave caused by the oxidation of iron sulphides in natural ground and/or aggregate beneath structures. Some recent work into the possibility of predicting the extent of swell is presented and ongoing research into ways of avoiding or mitigating the development of heave is discussed.