Polarization Mode Dispersion

Abstract

Optical fiber strain sensing is an evolving field in optical sciences in which multiple optical principles and techniques are employed to measure strain. This chapter seeks to provide a concise overview of the various types of optical fiber strain sensors currently available. The field of optical fiber strain sensing is nearly 30 years old and is still breaking new ground in terms of optical fiber technology, instrumentation, and applications. For each sensor discussed in the following sections, the basic optical layout is presented alongwith a description of the optical phenomena and the governing equations. Comprehensive coverage of all aspects of op- tical fiber strain sensing is beyond the scope of this chapter. For example, each sensor type can be interrogated by a number of means, some- times based on differing technology. Furthermore, these sensors are finding applications in a wide variety of fields including aerospace, oil and gas, maritime, and civil infrastructures. The inter- ested reader is referred to the works by Grattan and Meggit 14.1, Measures 14.2, and Udd 14.3 for more-detailed descriptions of interrogation techniques and applications of the various sensors.