Modellierung und Simulation von Batteriespeichern bei der Erbringung von Primärregelleistung

Abstract

An increasing amount of inverter-based generating units and the concurrent decrease of conventional synchronous generators leads to an ever decreasing inertia of the electrical grid. This trend causes greater frequency stability issues and therefore raises the significance of regulation reserves in the near future. Battery storages are well suited to improve frequency stability and act as a replacement for the decreasing amount of synchronous generators in the grid. At present, there are markets in the European transmission system for regulation reserves (Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR), automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR) and manual Frequency Restoration Reserve (mFRR)) however, no markets exist for additional regulation services, which are currently in discussion (Enhanced Frequency Response (EFR), Virtual Inertia (VI)). Units with limited capacity need to fulfill rather strict regulatory requirements in order to participate on the market for Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR). Considering the high investment costs for battery storages, these requirements aggravate an economic operation of such units. This article investigates the operation of a battery storage providing FCR and the necessary SoC-Management, in order to meet the regulatory requirements. For this study, different SoC-Management strategies and storage parameters are considered. The results show, that an appropriate implementation of the SoC-Management can decrease the balancing costs. The results also indicate that operating battery storages with reduced capacity and increased power and an adaptation of the current regulatory requirements could be sensible. Introducing new regulatory services with minor energy demand would further increase this trend. The adaptation of the current regulatory requirements would allow a non-discriminatory access to the market of FCR for battery storages and facilitate battery storages that are suitable for future regulatory services.