Card-based cryptography with invisible ink

Abstract

It is known that secure computation can be done by using a deck of physical cards; card-based cryptography makes people understand the correctness and security of secure computation, even for people who are not familiar with mathematics. In this paper, we propose a new type of cards, layered polygon cards, based on the use of invisible ink. A deck of cards with invisible ink naturally hides the contents of cards and allows to open some pieces of contents, which we referred to it as partial opening. Based on them, we construct novel protocols for various interesting functions such as carry of addition, equality, and greater-than.