Overview and Perspective of TMJ Surgery in Skeletal Malocclusion

Abstract

Significant pathology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) will cause anatomic changes that are expressed at the level of the maxillofacial skeleton and therefore dental occlusion. The mobile bone structure of the gnathic system is the mandible, which through its condylar head, forms a portion of the TMJ. Thus, anatomic variations of the temporomandibular articulation can be observed in both the static and dynamic occlusal states. It also must be noted that the condyle is an important growth center for the craniofacial skeleton, therefore, pathology within the TMJ during childhood development can lead to disharmony of normal facial form and function. In adhering to the above structural principles, treatment of pathologic temporomandibular joint anatomy through surgery may also change the mandibular position and occlusion. For these reasons, the temporomandibular joint must be taken into consideration before attempting any therapeutic alteration of the dental occlusion.