Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial and azo dye (Congo red) degradation properties using Amaranthus gangeticus Linn leaf extract

Abstract

Background: The present paper describes a less time-consuming and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using an aqueous solution of silver nitrate and Amaranthus gangeticus Linn (Chinese spinach) leaf extract. The synthesized AgNPs which are to be used as an antimicrobial and Congo red dye is to be used as a toxic-degrading agent. Methods: AgNP was prepared by the reduction of silver nitrate solution by the leaf extract of Amarranthus Gangeticus Linn leaf extract in aqueous medium on heating for about 15 mins at 80 °C in presence of one drop 0.05 (M) NaOH. Results: The size of the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Amaranthus gangeticus Linn leaf extract and aqueous solution of silver nitrate (10−3 M) are formed at their stable condition within the range of 11–15 nm. AgNPs are obtained by this process within a couple of minutes of reaction without using reducing and stabilizing agents or harsh conditions. High-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to characterize the prepared AgNPs which show that the nanoparticles are globular in shape and polycrystalline. The synthesized silver nanoparticles showed inhibitory activity towards Gram positive, Gram negative bacteria and fungus and also showed good Congo red dye-degrading agents. Conclusions: The overall outcome of this study suggests that green synthesis AgNPs hold promise as a potent antibacterial and antifungal agent. The particles obtained were also found to degrade toxic Congo red dye.