Ergonomics study of direct and indirect visibility evaluation at uncontrolled intersections based on three-dimensional computer simulation

Abstract

Crossing collisions at intersections account for one-fourth of the total accidents in Japan. This type of accident could be caused by the poor visual environment at intersections, including the lack of indirect visibility provided by traffic convex mirrors. However, no available desk methods have been reported on the proper installation method for such mirrors. This paper discusses the appropriate conditions for direct and indirect visibility. These include mirror visibility simulation technology, which was developed by applying three-dimensional computer graphics software. The simulated mirror images were found to be highly consistent with actual images. The mirror visibility obtained by an optimal mirror installation was found to be desirable in both a simulation and field study. The simulation demonstrated that a slight change in the mirror plate angle greatly influenced the visible distance. In conclusion, the 3DCG simulation method was effective for examining conditions for good direct and indirect visibility at intersections. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.