Nano-theragnostic Approach to Mitigate Covid-19

Abstract

Global Coronavirus pandemic has to be strategically addressed. The initial preventive phase has been largely discussed. The gamut of disease is comprehensive as patients hospitalised with COVID-19 manifest respiratory failure, sepsis, pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Nano-theragnostics might have the answer to the mightiest challenge of this century in the next phase of diagnostics and therapeutics. Coronavirus causes severe morbidity in the lower respiratory tract, where alveolar epithelial cells are the key targets for dysregulating their function and triggering immune responses. The intensity and continued production of cytokine rush leads to enhanced vascular hyperpermeability that often causes multiorgan failure, and finally death. Nanoparticles (NPs) are being envisaged to target the airway epithelial cells to repair the dysfunctions with therapy, drug repurposing to counter the imbalance caused by the cytokine storm. Because inflammation, according to the literature, induces thrombosis through a complex but well- known pathophysiological mechanism. The way to fight Covid-19 has to experiment not only antibiotics, antivirals, but also anti-inflammatories and anticoagulants.