One health relationships in microbe-human domain

Abstract

The connection between the helpful and potentially harmful microbes that make up the microbiome of humans, animals, and the shared environment is central for achieving optimal health outcomes. Growing human population, climate changes, land use, and international travel and trade have significant effect on the spread of existing diseases, emergence of new zoonotic diseases, and improved antimicrobial resistance. Understanding how diseases spread among people, animals, plants, and the environment in local and global context and controlling microbial populations that may pose public health threats at the human-animal-environment interface require partnership among health practitioners, ecologists, wildlife experts, policy makers, law enforcement, communities, and the pet owners. This chapter details the impact of global population growth and environmental and socioeconomic changes on the microbial populations of humans, animals, plants, and the shared environment. Current tools used to study the impact on the shared microbiome are also discussed.