Successful diabetes management without immunosuppressivedrugs in NHP model has been demonstrated. Encapsulation system with taperednanopore conduits achieved normal glycaemia with regulated insulin release

Abstract

Encapsulation of living cells offer superior treatment for human hormone deficiency diseases: (i) living cell transplantation without immunosuppressive drug and its accompanying deleterious side effects, (ii) nanopores can regulate cellular products to maintain cell health and functionality, and (iii) transplantation of cells from non-human donors can relieve donor shortage. In this paper, we focus our attention on the treatment of Diabetes [6]. A hormone deficiency disease affecting a substantial percentage of the world population. Still, the encapsulation model has one major weakness [7–14]. Polymers are a random network system with large pore size distribution. Polymers membranes have too many larger pores that compromise immunoprotection and too many smaller pores that restrict mass transport. This large pore size distribution could not meet the dichotomous requirements of mass transport and immunoprotection. Despite the dedicated effort of many for more than 50 years with hundreds of millions of dollars of capital investment, encapsulation system performance was found to be wanting [15,16]. The advancement in the treatment of hormone or protein deficiency diseases with the transplantation of living cells stalled.