¿Más allá de la ciencia académica?: Modo 2, ciencia posacadémica y ciencia posnormal

Abstract

The article carries out a revision of three theoretical perspectives that aim at describing the changes in technological and scientific research that have taken place in the second half of the twentieth century. The three approaches analysed -"Mode2", "post-academic science" and "post-normal science"- describe the transformation of science towards having a greater permeability for societal demands and preferences. These perspectives have had a great impact both in the specialized literature and in the rhetoric of R&D policy-makers. In this work, a joint analysis of its main traits is undertaken in view of providing a critical assessment of the contribution of these three approaches.