Graphene Related Nanostructures Synthesized by High-Energy Ball Milling

Abstract

Pattern formation in the morphogenesis in plants is a phenomenon strongly determined by the genetic programs of particular species. However, because organs are groups comprised of specialized cells that are adherent and not capable of migration, physical processes (cell wall expansion, diffusion) are though to be major aspect influencing the plant development. In the present study, Coleocheate orbicularis, a probable ancestor of land plant species has been used as a model species to study the mechanics of cell expansion in multicellular colonies. Image analysis methods have been developed in order to analyze the kinematics of cell expansion and division, and a simple analytical model were used to estimate both viscosity and cell wall division properties. Numerical computation using the finite element method has been used to simulate the growth of entire colonies using parameters derived from live imaging. Comparison with live experiments showed strong similarities between measured and simulated colonies. Also, parameter analysis showed that not only wall mechanical properties, but also division rate and orientation are factors strongly influencing pattern formation.