Studies of the Ecophysiology of Single Cells in Microbial Communities by (Quantitative) Microautoradiography and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (MAR-FISH)

Abstract

This Volume presents methods for analysing and quantifying petroleum, hydrocarbons and lipids, based on their chemical and physical properties as well as their biological effects. It features protocols for extracting hydrocarbons from solid matrices, water and air, and a dedicated chapter focusing on volatile organic compounds. Several approaches for separating and detecting diverse classes of hydrocarbons and lipids are described, including: (tandem) gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) or flame-ionisation detection, Fourier-transform induction-coupled-resonance MS, and fluorescence-based techniques. The book details high-performance liquid chromatography MS for microbial lipids, as well as a combination of techniques for naphthenic acids. Two chapters focus on quantifying bioavailable hydrocarbon fractions by using cyclodextrin sorbents and bacterial bioreporters, respectively, while a closing chapter explains how compound-specific stable-isotope analysis can be used to measure the fate of hydrocarbons in the environment. Hydrocarbon and Lipid Microbiology Protocols: There are tens of thousands of structurally different hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives and lipids, and a wide array of these molecules are required for cells to function. The global hydrocarbon cycle, which is largely driven by microorganisms, has a major impact on our environment and climate. Microbes are responsible for cleaning up the environmental pollution caused by the exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and will also be pivotal in reducing our reliance on fossil fuels by providing biofuels, plastics and industrial chemicals. Gaining an understanding of the relevant functions of the wide range of microbes that produce, consume and modify hydrocarbons and related compounds will be key to responding to these challenges. This comprehensive collection of current and emerging protocols will facilitate acquisition of this understanding and exploitation of useful activities of such microbes.Wilkes, Heinz. Introduction to Petroleum, Hydrocarbon, and Lipid Analysis, Pages 1-8 Letinski, Daniel J.; Prince, Roger C. Volume 2: Hydrocarbon Extraction. Pages 9-30. Coulon, Frédéric; Wu, Guozhong. Determination of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Compounds from Soils and Sediments Using Ultrasonic Extraction. Pages 31-46 Readman, James W.; Bayona, Josep M., Albaigés. Protocols for the Chemical Analysis of Hydrocarbons in Petroleum Oils and the Assessment of Environmental Contamination. Pages 47-59 Wiesenberg, Guido L. B.; Gocke, Martina L. Analysis of Lipids and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Indicators of Past and Present (Micro)Biological Activity. Pages 61-91. Walters, Clifford C.. Protocols for GC-Based Methods for Generic and Environmental Hydrocarbon Analysis, Pages 93-128 Swarthout, Robert F., Gros, Jonas; Arey, Samuel; Nelson, Robert K.; Valentine, David L.; Reddy, Christopher M. Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography to Assess Petroleum Product Weathering. Pages 129-149 Colbeck, Ian. Measuring Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere. Pages 151-159. Franchini, Filippo; Steinke, Michael. Protocols for the Quantification of Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS) and Other Volatile Organic Compounds in Aquatic Environments. Pages 161-177. Zhou, Zhengzhen; Guo, Laodong; Osburn, Christopher L. Fluorescence EEMs and PARAFAC Techniques in the Analysis of Petroleum Components in the Water Column. Pages 179-200 Brown, Lisa. Protocols for Measurement of Naphthenic Acids in Aqueous Samples. Pages 201-216. Poetz, Stefanie; Wilkes, Heinz. Compositional Characterization of Acidic Petroleum Constituents Using Negative Ion Mode Electrospray Ionization Coupled with Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Pages 217-230 Vázquez-Cuevas, Gabriela M.; Semple, Kirk T. Measurement of Hydrocarbon Bioavailability in Soil. Pages 231-246. Le Digabel, Yoann; Beggah, Siham; ver der Meer, Jan Roelof. Measurements of Hydrocarbon Pollutants in Aqueous Samples Using Bacterial Bioreporter Assays. Pages 247-257 Meyer, Armin H.; Maier, Michael P.; Elsner, Martin. Protocol to Investigate Volatile Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degradation with Purge and Trap Coupled to a Gas Chromatograph/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer. Pages 259-288. Wörmer, Lars; Lipp Julius S.; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe. Comprehensive Analysis of Microbial Lipids in Environmental Samples Through HPLC-MS Protocols. Pages 289-317