Analysing Public Policy: Does Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework Help?

Abstract

Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework is a popular multi-theoretic approach which explains non-incremental policy change by synthesising elements from structural and agency-based theories. However, the Framework has attracted much critical commentary, particularly for its neglect of institutional dynamics and the importance of history in policymaking processes. Its five central elements of policies, politics, problems, policy windows and policy entrepreneurs are presented, subsequent enhancements described and examples given of its growing use internationally to explain public policymaking. This research takes on the challenge to test two core hypotheses of the Framework: the conditions required for non-incremental change and the need for policy entrepreneurs to couple three streams at the agenda-setting phase. The findings of the research challenge these hypotheses and make the case for refinement of the Framework.