A Comprehensive Review of COVID-19 Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 has been found to be the leading cause of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally. The disease is triggered by a new form of coronavirus and is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or some primary chills. It was originated from a wet market in Wuhan, China and has engulfed 6.39 million lives globally uptillseptember-2022. Historically, the world has witnessed many noticeable epidemics in the form of, SARS-CoV (2002 to 2003), H1N1 influenza in 2009, and the most recent Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which erupted in Saudi Arabia in 2012. Different people get this disease with different symptoms including mild to severe illness. The molecular and cellular basis of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis gives us in-depth mechanisms involved. Experimental investigations have elaborated bats as the primary host for viral the transmission behind COVID-19. Moreover, the anatomy of the virus revealed its RNA based on the genome, which makes its therapeutic interventions more challenging. By the involvement of pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytical strategies, patients with acute or chronic pneumonia can be distinguished as infected or not. Artificial intelligence has embarked significant importance in the course of viral detection based on computer algorithms. Furthermore, chemical or immune-based therapies were examined for finding a permanent solution to this epidemic issue. This review would cover every emerging aspect of pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and the latest therapeutic interventions in the course of COVID-19 treatment. By giving rapidly evolving knowledge about this virus, readers are urged to update themselves regularly.