Closed systems with lamps for high quality transplant production at low costs using minimum resources

Abstract

A 'closed plant production system' or simply a 'closed system' has been commercialized in Japan since 2002, largely based upon the research at Chiba University, for production of tomato, cucumber, eggplant, lettuce and spinach transplants from seeds. Commercial productions of herbs, leafy vegetables, bedding plants such as pansy, medicinal plants, and orchid plants are now under trial in Japan. © 2005 Springer. All Rights Reserved.