Novel vaccination tools and methods

Abstract

Vaccination is a traditional method to prevent and cure several infectious diseases or exposure to toxins. At the World Health Organization (WHO) meeting of 2008, Kaddar said that global market projected to rise to USD 100 B by 2025 and more than 120 products are developing (Kaddar M. Global vaccine market features and trends. Epi Seminar April 2008. https://www.who.int/influenza_vaccines_plan/resources/session_10_kaddar.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 12 Jan 2019, 2008). Vaccine delivery method is strictly defined for each vaccine. In general, vaccines are administrated by intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular mode of delivery by a traditional needle syringe, except for Polio vaccine, which is administrated by oral or needle syringe injection. Recently, several new vaccine-delivering devices, administration roots, and methodology have been proposed and are being developed, such as the microneedle device, needle-free injector device, intranasal spray root, and DNA vaccine (National Institute of Health. Researchers develop microneedle patch for flu vaccination. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/newsreleases/researchers-develop-microneedle-patch-flu-vaccination. Accessed 12 Jan 2019, 2017; U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FDA updated communication on use of jet injectors with inactivated influenza vaccines. https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/QuestionsaboutVaccines/ucm276773.htm. Accessed 12 Jan 2019, 2014; U.S. Food & Drug Administration. FluMist Quadrivalent. https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/Vaccines/Approved Products/ucm293952.htm. Accessed 12 Jan 2019, 2018). Here, we describe the new methods, especially emphasizing on recent reports of their operating principle and clinical study application.