Uptake, Hydrolysis, and Metabolism of Pyridoxine-5′-β -D-Glucoside in Caco-2 Cells

Abstract

An important dietary source of vitamin B-6, pyridoxine-5′-β -D-glucoside (PNG), exhibits only partial bioavailability, which is limited by the extent of enzymatic cleavage of the β-glucosidic bond to release metabolically available pyridoxine (PN). This laboratory showed that the intestinal hydrolysis of PNG is catalyzed by cytosolic PNG hydrolase (PNGH) and brush border lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH). LPH-catalyzed PNG hydrolysis in vitro is competitively inhibited by lactose. In the present study, the uptake and hydrolysis of PNG were examined in Caco-2 human colon carcinoma cells, which express a functional LPH but exhibit no PNGH activity. PNG uptake at 37°C was linear over 5-500 μmol/L PNG. Uptake was not significantly reduced when Na+ was substituted with K+, Li+, or Tris in the medium. Increasing PNG concentration in the medium did not change intracellular concentrations of PN, pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxamine 5′-phosphate (PMP), or pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP); however, intracellular pyridoxal (PL) concentration increased. Intracellular PNG concentration was not significantly reduced in the presence of lactose, but the concentration of PL declined in proportion to extracellular lactose (P = 0.01). These results indicate that PNG can be absorbed intact in a Na +-independent process and is taken up by passive diffusion. The presence of lactose in this in vitro model of intestinal uptake reduced the enzymatic hydrolysis of PNG by lactase.