Green coffee bean extract and its metabolites have a hypotensive effect in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract

The effects of a water-soluble green coffee bean extract (GCE) on blood pressure were investigated using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). There was a dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure after a single ingestion (180 to 720 mg/kg, p.o.) or long-term ingestion (0.25 to 1% diet for 6 weeks) of GCE. A single oral ingestion (50 to 200 mg/kg) of 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), the major component of GCE, dose-dependently decreased blood pressure, suggesting that 5-CQA is involved in the hypotensive effect of GCE in SHR. Because significant increases in caffeic acid (CA) or ferulic acid (FA) were detected in plasma after oral ingestion of 5-CQA in SHR, these acids (2.5, 5, 10 μmol/kg) were intravenously injected into SHR under anesthesia and the carotid arterial pressure was measured. Of the two components, FA had a stronger depressor effect than CA. The depressor effect of FA (50 mg/kg, p.o.) was attenuated by the concurrent injection of atropine sulfate (5 mg/kg, s.c.), suggesting that the hypotensive effect of FA in SHR might be mediated via the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. These findings indicate that oral ingestion of GCE or 5-CQA decreases blood pressure in SHR, and that FA, which is a metabolite of 5-CQA, is a candidate hypotensive component.