The productivity of female swamp buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in East Java, Indonesia

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to collect and analyze the necessary information needed to develop a sustainable buffalo breeding program, which includes the potential for production performance of buffaloes in East Java Indonesia. This research was conducted on swamp buffalo smallholder farms in five Regency East Java (Ngawi, Madiun, Malang, and Banyuwangi). The research method used was survey method. Primary data was obtained from direct observation on 1089 buffalo by 816 breeders. Variables observed were population growth and productive performance of buffalo. The data obtained were tabulated in average and stand at deviation then analyzed descriptively. The results showed the availability of buffalo adult female amounted was 57.21% of the total population sample. The average height of body age 24-36 months is (112,42 ± 7,46) cm, age 36-48 months (116.88 ± 8.30) cm, age 48-60 months (119.05 ± 8.56) cm, and more than age 60 month (125.40 ± 6.19) cm. Average length of body age 24-36 months (107,25 ± 17,26 cm), age 36-48 month (115,16 ± 15,01), age 48-60 month (119,59 ± 13,74 cm), more than age 60 month (123.52 ± 11.91). The average chest girth age 24-36 month (153,17 ± 22,74) cm, age 36-48 month (169,54 ± 22,13) cm, age 48-60 month (176,20 ± 16,16), more than age 60 month (187,28 ± 13,76) cm. Estimated weight, for the average body weight age 24-36 month (311,96±76,62) kg, age 36-48 month (371,73±80,10) kg, age 48-60 month (395,41±61,75) kg, more than age 60 month (439,87±56,30). Meanwhile Natural Increase (NI) value as big as 21.56 %. In general, the productivity of buffalo in East Java is considered low. However, the vital statistic of buffalo in this province is still as the National standard need of this buffalo of Indonesia. It was concluded that vital statistical measure swamp buffalo respectable, live weight and Natural Increase swamp Buffalo in East Java is still low. Base on the low-value production of swamp Buffaloes in East Java is recommended breeding program is continuously based on reproduction control.