The form and function of hydroelectric plant

Abstract

The principal characteristics of different types of hydropower stations are reviewed in this chapter, the main distinction being whether they use the free flow of water (‘run-of-river’ type) or have substantial impoundment (‘reservoir’ type). Reservoir type stations are further classified as high-, medium- or low-head and the sort of turbine most suited to the three categories is discussed. The purpose of the various types of hydroelectric plant is explained with a particular focus on pumped storage schemes. The need for reserve power capacity to control the load and frequency on a power network is explained. The role of hydroelectric plant as a source of primary response is emphasised.