On the Computational Complexity of Vertex Integrity and Component Order Connectivity

Abstract

The Weighted Vertex Integrity (wVI) problem takes as input an n-vertex graph G, a weight function w: V (G) → N, and an integer p. The task is to decide if there exists a set X ⊆ V (G) such that the weight of X plus the weight of a heaviest component of G - X is at most p. Among other results, we prove that: (1) wVI is NP-complete on co-comparability graphs, even if each vertex has weight 1; (2) wVI can be solved in O(pp+1n) time; (3) wVI admits a kernel with at most p3 vertices. Result (1) refutes a conjecture by Ray and Deogun (J. Combin. Math. Combin. Comput. 16: 65–73, 1994) and answers an open question by Ray et al. (Ars Comb. 79: 77–95, 2006). It also complements a result byKratsch et al. (Discr. Appl. Math. 77: 259–270, 1997), stating that the unweighted version of the problem can be solved in polynomial time on co-comparability graphs of bounded dimension, provided that an intersection model of the input graph is given as part of the input. An instance of the Weighted Component Order Connectivity (wCOC) problem consists of an n-vertex graph G, a weight function w: V (G) → N, and two integers k and _, and the task is to decide if there exists a setX ⊆ V (G) such that the weight ofX is at most k and the weight of a heaviest component of G-X is at most _. In some sense, the wCOC problem can be seen as a refined version of the wVI problem. We obtain several classical and parameterized complexity results on the wCOC problem, uncovering interesting similarities and differences between wCOC and wVI. We prove, among other results, that: (4) wCOC can be solved inO(min{k, _}·n3) time on interval graphs, while the unweighted version can be solved in O(n2) time on this graph class; (5) wCOC is W[1]-hard on split graphs when parameterized by k or by _; (6) wCOC can be solved in 2O(k log _)n time; (7) wCOC admits a kernel with at most k_(k + _) + k vertices. We also show that result (6) is essentially tight by proving that wCOC cannot be solved in 2o(k log _)nO(1) time, even when restricted to split graphs, unless the Exponential Time Hypothesis fails.