Entomopathogenic nematode application technology

Abstract

Biocontrol success when using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema relies on a variety of factors including components of the application event itself. Successful application encompasses both abiotic and biotic influences (Grewal, 2002; Shapiro-Ilan, Gouge, Koppenhöfer, 2002; Shapiro-Ilan, Gouge, Piggott, Patterson Fife, 2006; Shapiro-Ilan, Han, Dolinski, 2012). For example, a diverse array of equipment is available for EPN application including various spray technology and irrigation systems. The specific application equipment that is chosen and parameters associated with EPN distribution can have a direct impact on the level of pest suppression achieved. Additionally, the choice of nematode species, rate of application, and other concurrent management practices are critical to success. In this chapter we review recent literature on EPN application technology, discuss novel innovations, and explore opportunities for future improvement.