Patients with heart failure (HF) now rarely present in cardiogenic shock. Instead, HF has become a chronic systemic disease in which symptoms and disease progression are related to unrestrained neurohumoral stimulation, leading to water and sodium retention [(1)][1]. Because the kidneys are
CITATION STYLE
Mullens, W., & Nijst, P. (2016). Cardiac Output and Renal Dysfunction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 67(19), 2209–2212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.537
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