Cardiovascular Response to Breath-Holding Explained by Changes of the Indices and their Dynamic Interactions

Abstract

Background: Endogenous triggers such as voluntary breath-holding induce various cardiovascular responses typically including modification of blood CO 2. During dynamic exercise these responses may have a negative impact on performance or may associate with cardiovascular risk subjects. Therefore, we hypothesized that voluntary breathing tests induce changes in cardiovascular (CV) oxygenation that lead to cardiovascular-functional changes, measured by a complex of integrated cardiovascular parameters and their interactions. So the aim of the study was to determine the impact of the voluntary breath-holding on changes and interplay of cardiac and peripheral parameters.