Social Factors Affecting Low-Carbon Cities

Abstract

Cities are complex anthropological constructs defined by an intricate web of economic, ecological, and social factors. Given their control and influence over planning and services, they play a defining role in climate change mitigation efforts and are well placed to show leadership and foster meaningful transition at various scales. This chapter considers the social factors that affect-both directly and indirectly-and give direction to particular decisions around the strategic planning of, transition to, and ongoing sustainability of low-carbon cities. Three key scenarios are discussed: rapidly emerging cities making early infrastructural decisions, mature cities with high per capita emissions, and already built-up cities reconciling growth and emissions in developing countries. The case is made that successful long-term transition toward low-carbon cities requires coherent and effective measures taken across government, industry, and civil society in order to facilitate sustained learning and innovation.