Achieving coronal plane alignment in total knee arthroplasty through modified preoperative planning based on long-leg radiographs: a prospective study

Abstract

Purpose: This prospective study was undertaken to examine whether the desired coronal plane alignment of limb and prosthetic components in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) could be achieved precisely using conventional jig-based methods by modifying the preoperative planning of bone resection utilizing long-leg radiographs (LLRs). Methods: The study included consecutive 245 TKA procedures. Pre- and postoperative radiological variables, i.e., the mechanical axis (hip-knee-ankle [HKA] axis), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), and medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and their outliers were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: The mean postoperative HKA axis, mLDFA and MPTA was 179.80 ± 1.81° (p < 0.01; 95% CI: 8.09–9.67), 90.35 ± 1.54° (p < 0.01; 95% CI: 1.33–2.02), and 90.26 ± 1.25° (p < 0.01; 95% CI: 4.41–5.20), respectively. The postoperative HKA axis on the coronal plane was 180 ± 3° in 235 knees (95.92%, 4.08% outliers). Femoral and tibial components were implanted in an acceptable position, withing 90 ± 3° of the mechanical axis of the femur and tibia on the coronal plane in 238 (97.14%, 2.86% outliers) and 243 (99.18%, 0.8% outliers) knees, respectively. Conclusion: Modified preoperative planning for TKA on LLRs is a reliable and consistent method to achieve the desired limb and component alignment on the coronal plane without adding financial or logistical costs. Level of evidence: II