Abstract
After the development of general anesthetics such as ether and chloroform during the middle of the nineteenth century, investigators began to study techniques to repair heart wounds in the animal laboratory. Soon, simple operations in humans for heart wounds were reported. © 2008 Springer New York.
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CITATION STYLE
APA
Stephenson, L. W. (2008). History of cardiac surgery. In Surgery: Basic Science and Clinical Evidence: Second Edition (pp. 1471–1479). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68113-9_70
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