Red blood cell distribution width as a marker of cerebral infarction in hemodialysis patients

Abstract

Background: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a cardiovascular biomarker. We evaluated the association between RDW and cerebral stroke risk in hemodialysis patients. Methods: A cohort of 442 adult patients on hemodialysis was studied. Strokes were defined according to ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Routine complete blood counts, evaluated every 3–6 months, were used for RDW values. Results: Among 442 hemodialysis patients, during the 50-month follow-up, there were 62 cases (14.0%) of cerebral stroke: 41 (9.3%) with cerebral infarction and 21 (4.8%) with cerebral hemorrhage. Compared with nonstroke patients, a significantly higher RDW was measured in patients with cerebral stroke and cerebral infarction. However, no significant difference was seen in RDW between patients with cerebral hemorrhage and nonstroke patients. After adjustment by age, hypertension, albumin, Charlson Comorbidity Score, and C-reactive protein in different multivariable Cox regression models, patients with the highest mean RDW quartile had a 2.55-fold (hazard ratio = 3.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.33–9.51) higher risk of developing cerebral infarction relative to those with the lowest mean RDW quartile. RDW was not an independent risk factor for cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusions: Increased RDW is an independent risk factor of cerebral infarction in hemodialysis patients.