Education of Thinking as a Path to Virtue and Happiness in Qutadghu Bilig

Abstract

Thinking is one of the most distinguishing characteristics of humans. Man/woman can understand through thinking, find his/her way through thinking, and solve inherent problems after giving some thought. Any educational activity, regardless of its type, initially aims to train the ability of our thinking. Thus although there are relatively new definitions such as "education of thinking", "philosophy with kids", "critical and creative thinking skills" education of thinking is in reality as ancient as the roots of humanity. The reason activities such as knowing, understanding, living, and creating value collectively delineate man's main mission on the earth. Scholars, philosophers, ethicists, scientists, and educators are those who contribute to the development of thinking ability. Currently, training of the mind within the frameset of goodness values, to create a culture of living and worldview, and eventually liberating and improving the person is among the key objectives of education of thinking.Education of thinking does not merely consist of philosophy or pedagogy; it is the combination of both. According to philosophical tradition, activity such as 'education of thinking' and 'philosophy for children' are structured related with philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Rousseau, Kant, and Dewey. Through this approach, which enables reconstructing Western philosophers' views with respect to 'education of thinking', 'philosophy for children' is similarly viable to reconstruct the works of Eastern philosophers. One of these works is Qutadghu Bilig written by Yousuf Khass Khajib. Qutadghu Bilig is an outstanding literary work that aims to educate thinking ability and discipline emotions, behaviours and personality through highlighted values. This work attempts to answer the question of how to make qut, a coincidental and luck-based condition, which means 'gizmo, fate, fortune, happiness' and represents a state of goodness of people who have a temporary existence. Qutadghu Bilig asks whether qut can become a permanent entity in human, social and political life and whether it is achievable at all. This literary work attributes the continuity of qut to virtues such as knowledge, justice, forgiveness, compassion, generosity, tenderness, patience and perseverance. To ensure the continuity of qut requires such a higher mental state and spiritual dignity. That is only viable through educating and activating one's thinking ability.