Surface Plasma Production of Negative Ions

Abstract

Early experiments on negative ion production in cesiated discharges; studies of negative ion emission from hydrogen plasma with added cesium; energy spectra of H− ions in surface plasma sources; advanced design options for surface plasma sources; emissive properties of electrodes in surface plasma source discharges; plasma parameters and negative ion destruction in the plasma; cesium in surface plasma sources; physical basis of the surface plasma method of negative ion production; regularities in the formation of reflected, sputtered, and evaporated particles; electron capture to the electron affinity levels for sputtered, reflected, and evaporated particles; implementation of surface plasma production of negative ion beams.