Time to develop adverse drug reactions and associated factors among children HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment in North West Amhara Specialized Hospitals: Retrospective cohort study, 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are harmful and unintended reactions to medicines given at standard doses through a proper route of administration for the purpose of prophylaxis, diagnosis, or treatment. Objective: The objective of this research paper was to assess median time to development of ADRs and associated factors among children HIV positive patients on antiretroviral treatment (ART) in North West Amhara Specialized Hospitals. Methods: The adverse drug effect survival time was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier survival method and log-rank test curves was applied for analyze “time-to-event” data. Cox regression model was used to identify the associated factors. Adjusted hazard ratios with their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and a value of p less than 0.05 was used to declare the presence of a significant association. Result: The overall incidence of ADRs was 0.67 (95% CI: 3.74–4.44) per 10,000 person-year observation, with a median of 57 months. Adults are presenting with opportunistic Infections (OIs) experiences, baseline CD4 < 200 cells/µL counts, 1e, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate–lamivudine–efavirenz ART regimen, bedridden baseline functional status, World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage II and III were notably associated with the incidence of ADRs development. Conclusion: ADRs were uncommon in this study. predictors, such as OIs experiences, a low CD4 count, ART regimen, an advanced WHO stage, and bedridden functional status were significantly associated with ADRs.