Bio-composites based on polypropylene filled with waste of camellia sinensis

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to examine the properties of polypropylene (PP) composites filled with household waste tea (camellia sinensis) (HWT) to development of their mechanical properties and also to gain the economic value of HWT. Design/methodology/approach: HWT was grinded using a disk mill in the finely powder form. Prepared finely tea powders were characterized compositional and morphologically by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope. PP composites were prepared at different proportions of HWT ranging from 0 wt% to 40 wt% with two particle sizes (<30 μm and <60 μm) by high-volume energy mixer so as to evaluate the effect of the HWT filler on mechanical properties. Findings: The mechanical properties of composites were evaluated through modulus of elasticity, ultimate tensile strength and flexural strength in terms of filler particle size and filler contents. The results showed that the modulus of elasticity of composites increased as a function of additional HWT particles and the highest value was observed which was containing 40 wt% filler contents. Research limitations/implications: Clearly, the maximum flexural and tensile strength of HWT particles filled composites were observed for 10 wt% HWT loading into PP composite increased when compared to other filler contents (20-40 wt%). Practical implications: For potential applications in the plastics industry, such as outdoor deck floors, cladding and siding, indoor furniture etc., it is desirable to form polymer composite systems by combining phases with polymer, so as to reduce expenses of materials, to have strength and, at the same time to be biodegradable. Originality/value: Despite HWT was chemically untreated, the mechanical properties of composites increased it would appear that it can be a renewable alternative material for manufacturing of PP matrix composites.