Strategies of cell signaling and critical focus on etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma is an atypical biological cell process that is frequently identified at an advanced stage, with no promising therapeutic options available. Hepatocarcinogenesis is connected to a range of cellular signaling pathways, notably Wnt-β-catenin (canonical Wnt pathway), nuclear factor-B, and YAP-HIPPO (Yes-associated protein Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway); each of these is considered a potential pharmacological candidate. Inflammation in the liver for a long time and damage play a big role in the incidence and development of HCC. HCC incidence rates go up by the many variables such as sex, age, ethnicity, and demographics are all factors to consider, and the leading causes of infection by the chronic or hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), nutrient pollutants, ecological poisons, tobacco smoldering, and genetic disorders, which are all carcinogens. In this review, we expanded on our existing empathetic of the signaling pathways involved in the development and genesis of HCC. We also encapsulated the etiology of HCC, with a focus on HCC triggered by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD). In this review, we forecasted potential therapeutic drug targets.