Microwave-assisted preparation of biodegradable, hemocompatible, and antimicrobial neem gum–grafted poly (acrylamide) hydrogel using (3)2 factorial design

Abstract

The objective of the study was to prepare neem gum polysaccharide graft copolymers of acrylamide (NGP-g-Am) using 3 factorial design. Prepared NGP-g-Am’s hydrogels were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectral analysis, SEM images, contact angle determination, biodegradability, hemocompatibility, and pH-dependent swelling ability. NGP-g-Am showed more swelling index in all the media like double distilled water, 1 N NaOH, and 0.1 N HCl than native form. Data obtained through soil burial biodegradation studies were showed t90% for neem gum polysaccharide (NGP) and NGP-g-Am (N1), 9 and 28 days, respectively. Findings of the Lee-White test for blood clotting time showed the longest clotting time (15.39 ± 0.53 min) for NGP-g-Am (N5) as compared with that for the uncoated glass surface (2.05 ± 0.93 min). Thrombus formed during studies were found to be significantly more in case of uncoated glass surface as compared with N (0.47 ± 0.23 mg), N1 (0.29 ± 0.08 mg), N2 (0.30 ± 0.13 mg), N5 (0.29 ± 0.11 mg), N7 (0.29 ± 0.07 mg), and N9 (0.28 ± 0.13 mg). Structure-based docking studies predict that binding of ligands to TLR-4 receptors is significantly more responsible for the antimicrobial effect of both NGP and NGP-g-Am. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]