Epidemiology and Cutaneous Manifestations of Psoriasis in Saudi Arabia: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Background: Psoriasis is an inflammatory immune-mediated illness with an unknown cause. It is a painful, disfiguring, and disabling condition without a complete cure and has enormous negative effects on patients’ quality of life. Ethnicity, genetics, and environmental variables all have a role in determining the disease’s prevalence. Currently, the large-scale epidemiological studies on cutaneous manifestations of psoriasis in Saudi Arabia are limited. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of different forms of psoriasis and cutaneous manifestations, pattern, and associated clinical presentation of psoriasis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methodology: A thorough search of studies on cutaneous manifestations of psoriasis in KSA was conducted from July first 2021 to September 30 2021 using the key phrases “psoriasis,” “cutaneous manifestations of psoriasis in KSA,” “psoriasis clinical presentation in Saudi Arabia,” and “psoriasis skin lesions in Saudi Arabia” at four medical search stations PubMed, Scopus, Google, and Research Gate. Results: Psoriasis was found to be present in up to 5.33% of the population. More men than women were affected and the age of onset was under 30 years. It was more prevalent in the northern region of KSA. A family history was confirmed in many cases. Plaque psoriasis was the most prevalent kind of psoriasis, followed by guttate psoriasis. Other types of psoriasis, such as pustular psoriasis, erythrodermic psoriasis, follicular psoriasis, inverse psoriasis, and congenital psoriasis, were also found in Saudi patients. There was no evidence of life-threatening psoriasis among Saudis. Conclusion: The major findings of this narrative review revealed plaque-type psoriasis was the most frequent among Saudis followed by guttate psoriasis. Further epidemiological research is needed to better understand the type of cutaneous psoriasis, its impact on the quality of life, and the current therapeutic options which would help advance the national health policy.