Derivati izoindolina, sinteza i biološka aktivnost. I. Prirodni i sintetski derivati izoindolina

Abstract

Derivatives of isoindolines are a group of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that are less represented in scientific literature than other heterocyclic compounds containing the nitrogen atom. Natural derivatives of isoindolines were first isolated in the early 1960's and showed various interesting biological activity, e.g. staurosporine indicating antimicrobial, hypotensive, and cytotoxic activity, and acts as thrombocytes aggregation inhibitor and protein kinase inhibitor. Also, there are reports of their application in herbicide and dye industries. Due to these findings, isoindolines received much attention from synthetic organic chemists, and thus new synthetic methods were developed. Most of the methods include phthalaldehyde and corresponding aliphatic and aromatic amines as starting material. Products of these reactions are highly dependent on the reaction conditions, and differently substituted isoindolines are isolated. Synthetic methods starting from other compounds include phthalonitrile, phthalanhydride and phthalaldehyde acid as well as multicomponent reactions. They are also applied as ligands in coordination chemistry, which enables the modelling of three-dimensional structures with desirable areal properties.