Fungus-Mediated Nanoparticles: Characterization and Biomedical Advances

Abstract

Development of nature-friendly approaches for synthesis of nanoparticles by favorable microorganisms—for example, using fungal cultures—has played an important role in nanotechnology. Two types of synthesis have been established: intracellular synthesis and extracellular synthesis. Intracellular synthesis involves carriage of ions into microbial cells to form nanoparticles in the presence of enzymes. Extracellular synthesis of nanoparticles involves trapping of ions on the surface of cells and reducing the ions in the presence of enzymes. These methods have been applied to agriculture, drug delivery systems, biomedicines, etc. They are able to produce nanoparticles for nanostructure combinations with organic or inorganic chemicals. The fungal mediated nanoparticles are characterized using some analytical techniques are demonstrated. Their size and shape can be estimated by X-ray powder diffraction analysis, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.